Distributed energy storage system refers to the distribution of multiple small energy storage devices at different locations in the power grid, combined with distributed energy resources such as solar energy, wind energy, etc., to achieve energy storage, management, and scheduling. Distributed energy storage system is a new type of technological equipment that combines energy storage technology with distributed power generation technology. Its core function is to store and supply electricity, and through intelligent control, store electrical energy for use by different devices. Distributed energy storage systems can achieve local or overall power supply balance, power quality control, and grid support functions according to demand, improving the stability, reliability, and economy of the power grid.
1、 Distributed energy storage systems typically consist of the following components:
The distributed energy storage system mainly consists of the following key components:
1. Energy storage unit: The energy storage unit is a fundamental component of the system, including various types of energy storage devices, responsible for converting electrical energy into other forms of energy and storing them for storage and release. Common energy storage units include lithium iron phosphate batteries, lead carbon batteries, and compressed air energy storage systems.
2. Energy Management System (EMS): An energy management system is the brain of a distributed energy storage system, responsible for monitoring, controlling, and optimizing the flow of energy. It ensures that the energy storage system provides optimal energy output based on demand through real-time data analysis and prediction.
3. Battery Management System (BMS): Responsible for monitoring, managing, and protecting the operational status of energy storage devices, including battery charging and discharging control, safety protection, fault diagnosis, etc.
4. Intelligent control system: The intelligent control system utilizes advanced control algorithms and artificial intelligence technology to achieve intelligent management of distributed energy storage systems. It is responsible for real-time monitoring of the power grid status, predicting load demand, optimizing energy allocation, and responding to frequent fluctuations in the power grid.
5. Communication Network: Distributed energy storage systems require a powerful communication network to ensure real-time collaboration between various components. The communication network enables the energy management system to receive real-time data, issue instructions, and achieve interconnectivity with other energy systems.

2、 The role and significance of distributed energy storage systems

1. Energy scheduling: Through flexible scheduling of energy storage systems, the storage and release of distributed energy can be achieved, balancing energy supply and demand in the power grid, avoiding power grid collapse caused by energy shortage or excess, and thus improving the stability and reliability of power supply in the power grid.
2. Optimizing grid load: Distributed energy storage systems can decentralize energy storage, allowing energy to be exchanged and shared between different locations and time periods. This helps optimize the power grid load, reduce energy losses, and improve energy utilization efficiency. Distributed energy storage systems store excess electricity during peak periods and release it during off peak periods, smoothing the load curve and reducing the difference between peak and valley loads in the power grid.
3. Solving the energy supply problem in remote areas: In remote areas, due to difficulties in power transmission, energy supply is often insufficient. Distributed energy storage systems can store energy in these areas to meet local energy demand, thereby improving the energy supply level in these regions.
4. Supporting the development of renewable energy: The utilization of renewable energy is often affected by weather conditions, leading to unstable energy supply. Distributed energy storage systems can store the excess energy generated by these renewable energy sources for emergency use, thereby supporting the development of renewable energy. Distributed energy storage systems can improve the reliability and controllability of renewable energy, promote the large-scale integration of renewable energy, and drive the development of clean energy.
5. Frequency regulation: Distributed energy storage systems can quickly respond to changes in grid frequency, provide support for frequency regulation and stable power, and improve the frequency stability of the grid.
6. Power quality control: By improving the response speed and regulation capability of the energy storage system, the power quality of the grid is improved, and voltage fluctuations and harmonic pollution are reduced.
Distributed energy storage system is a technology product with great potential. It plays an important role in improving the stability of power grid supply, optimizing power grid load, solving energy supply problems in remote areas, and supporting the development of renewable energy. It is an important component of achieving smart grid and sustainable energy development.