With the continuous breakthroughs in energy storage technology, continuous innovation in business models, and the introduction of policy standards, strong support has been provided for the rapid development of the energy storage industry, and the industry continues to maintain a high-speed development trend. At the same time of rapid development, the energy storage industry still faces many safety concerns. So the energy storage system needs to propose safety management requirements from planning and design, equipment selection, construction acceptance, grid connection acceptance, operation and maintenance, and emergency fire response capabilities.

In energy storage systems, once a battery experiences thermal runaway, the combustible smoke it produces is easily ignited, resulting in fire and explosion accidents. Due to the hazards caused by the physical and chemical properties of batteries, the intrinsic safety improvement of batteries, safety risk assessment of energy storage facilities, fire prevention and control technology, and research and development of fire extinguishing systems have all become research hotspots. Especially how to early warning and detect battery accidents, effectively extinguish fires, prevent the spread of fires, reduce fire losses and casualties, is particularly important.

In response to the issue of battery thermal runaway warning, gas, smoke, and temperature detectors are usually equipped in projects to achieve thermal runaway and fire warning. In addition, cameras are also equipped to assist in judging safety conditions. A large amount of research has been conducted to verify the fire extinguishing effectiveness of commonly used fire extinguishing agents such as dry powder, water spray, heptafluoropropane, and perfluorohexane for battery fires.

1、Dry powder fire extinguishing agent and gas fire extinguishing agent：The cooling effect of dry powder fire extinguishing agent and gas fire extinguishing agent is not ideal and cannot completely prevent the thermal runaway of the battery;

2、Water spray fire extinguishing: Water spray fire extinguishing can significantly reduce the temperature of the battery, but once the spraying is stopped, the battery is prone to thermal runaway again;

3、Heptafluoropropane: Heptafluoropropane can extinguish open flames, but the cooling rate is slightly slow and requires a long operation time to completely extinguish fires;

4、Perfluorohexane: Perfluorohexane can quickly extinguish open flames and has a certain cooling effect, but it is necessary to maintain a certain concentration of extinguishing agent and sufficient immersion time to completely extinguish fires;

5、Liquid nitrogen fire protection system: It can quickly respond to fire extinguishing under extreme conditions, effectively reduce battery temperature to prevent thermal runaway, but there is currently no engineering prototype and it has not been widely used.

Therefore, to ensure that the fire can be controlled, the general project is to equip fire water as the final emergency response measure. With the continuous progress of modern energy storage technology, energy storage systems have evolved from design to design. Considering the structural layout of energy storage systems, they have gradually effectively solved problems such as thermal runaway of batteries and safety accidents caused by fires. Provide reliable support for energy storage systems.