Lead carbon battery is a new type of secondary battery, with a positive electrode current collector made of graphite felt or carbon felt with good conductivity. The positive electrode active material is metallic lead and lead containing compounds, the negative electrode active material is hard lead (Pb PbO2), and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid aqueous solution. Lead carbon batteries are a type of high-energy battery with much better performance than lead-acid batteries.
The working principle of lead carbon batteries is similar to traditional lead-acid batteries, but there is an additional carbon material composite system on the positive electrode. The function of this carbon material composite system is to regulate the distribution of electrolyte and improve the reaction performance of electrodes. During charging, electrons on the positive electrode are transferred to the negative electrode through an external circuit, and lead on the negative electrode reacts with sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to produce lead sulfate and water. This reaction process is accompanied by the production of hydrogen gas. During discharge, electrons on the negative electrode are transferred to the positive electrode through an external circuit, and lead sulfate on the positive electrode reacts with hydrogen ions in the electrolyte to produce lead sulfate and water. This reaction process is accompanied by the production of oxygen.
1、 The characteristics of lead carbon batteries
1. High energy density: The energy density of lead carbon batteries is much higher than that of traditional lead-acid batteries, and their mass energy density and volume energy density are much higher than traditional lead-acid batteries.
2. Long lifespan: Due to the unique electrode material of lead carbon batteries, their lifespan is longer than traditional lead-acid batteries. Under normal usage conditions, its lifespan can reach 3-5 years.
3. Fast charging: Lead carbon batteries have the characteristic of fast charging and can be fully charged in a short period of time. This makes it have great application prospects in situations where frequent charging and discharging are required, such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.
4. Environmental protection and safety: The electrolyte of lead carbon batteries is an inorganic salt solution, which is harmless to the environment. Meanwhile, due to its electrode material not containing harmful heavy metal elements, it is environmentally friendly. In addition, due to its good sealing performance, there will be no electrolyte leakage or other issues.

5. Low cost: Although the material cost of lead carbon batteries is slightly higher than traditional lead-acid batteries, their overall cost is lower due to their high energy, long lifespan, and fast charging characteristics. In addition, due to its environmental and safety characteristics, it also reduces usage and maintenance costs.

2、 The application of lead carbon batteries
Lead carbon batteries have broad application prospects. In the field of electric vehicles, due to its high energy, long lifespan, fast charging and other characteristics, it can effectively improve the range and charging experience of electric vehicles. In addition, it also has great potential for application in fields such as hybrid vehicles, energy storage, electric bicycles, and electric motorcycles.
3、 Conclusion
Lead carbon batteries are a new type of secondary battery with high performance, environmental protection, safety, and low cost. With the increasing attention to environmental protection and energy utilization efficiency, the application prospects of lead carbon batteries will be even broader. In the future, we look forward to more researchers and enterprises conducting in-depth research on the principles and application technologies of lead carbon batteries, further improving their performance and reducing costs, and making greater contributions to the sustainable development of human society. In addition, we also hope that lead carbon batteries can be applied in more fields, bringing more convenience and green energy choices to people's lives.