Inverters are one of the important components in energy storage system, whose main function is to convert DC electrical energy into AC electrical energy. The internal structure of inverters in energy storage systems mainly includes rectifiers, filters, DC buses, inverter bridges, controllers, inverter circuits, heat sinks, and casings. Each part undertakes specific functions, jointly ensuring the normal operation and efficient performance of the inverter.
1. Rectifier: A rectifier is used to input DC power into an inverter, converting DC energy into intermediate DC voltage.
2. Filters: Inverter filters mainly include denominator filters, output filters, and input filters. The busbar filter is used to filter out harmonics and interference signals in the circuit, making the output AC power more pure and stable. The output filter is used to filter out harmonics and interference signals in the output AC circuit, improving the quality of output electrical energy. The input filter is responsible for filtering out high-frequency noise in the DC power supply, ensuring that the inverter operates in a pure power environment.
3. Inverter circuit: The inverter circuit includes components such as a controller and power switch, which are used to convert the intermediate DC voltage into the required AC voltage and frequency. The inverter circuit is the safety barrier of the inverter. When the inverter experiences abnormal situations such as overvoltage, overcurrent, short circuit, overheating, etc., the protection circuit will act in a timely manner to prevent inverter damage or safety accidents.
4. Controller: The controller is the "brain" of the inverter, responsible for power control and various algorithm controls to ensure that the inverter can operate according to the set parameters.
5. DC bus: The DC bus connects the input filter and inverter bridge, playing a role in stabilizing DC voltage and storing energy.
6. Inverter bridge: The inverter bridge is the core part of the inverter, which converts DC electrical energy into AC electrical energy, achieving the conversion of electrical energy.
7. Radiator: The heat exchanger is used to dissipate the heat generated by the inverter during operation, ensuring the stable operation of the inverter.

8. Shell: The shell serves to protect internal components, prevent dust, water, and corrosion.

The role and significance of inverters are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Realize AC/DC conversion: The inverter converts the DC energy in the energy storage system into AC energy, making it easy to connect with the power grid or supply power to AC loads. Enable energy storage systems to flexibly connect to different power networks and meet the needs of different fields.
2. Control output voltage and frequency: The inverter can control the output AC voltage, frequency, and waveform as needed to adapt to different application scenarios and load requirements.
3. Improve utilization efficiency: Inverters control and optimize the conversion process of electrical energy, reduce energy loss, and improve the utilization efficiency of electrical energy. Through the control of inverters, the energy storage system can achieve efficient energy management, including charge and discharge control, power scheduling, etc., thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system.
4. Realize grid interconnection: Inverters can connect energy storage systems to the grid, achieve bidirectional flow of electricity, participate in grid frequency regulation, peak shaving and valley filling activities, and improve grid stability and economy.
5. Protection and safety functions: Inverters usually have functions such as overload protection, short circuit protection, overvoltage protection, etc., to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. The inverter can also finely control the output AC power, including parameters such as phase, frequency, and voltage, to meet the requirements of the power system for power quality.
In terms of operation, the inverter in the energy storage system needs to be started and functional mode set according to specific steps. Firstly, it is necessary to start the main circuit power switch and drive circuit power switch of the inverter, so that the system can be successfully connected to the grid but the output power is 0. Then, by running the upper management system, activate the corresponding working modes of the energy storage simulation system, such as charging simulation, discharge simulation, power scheduling, and V/F control. After the functional simulation is completed, it is necessary to turn off the inverter in reverse order, disconnect the grid connected output air switch, and turn off the rectifier to complete the testing process.
The inverter in the energy storage system is a complex and important device. As a key component of the energy storage system, the internal structure and functional design of the inverter are aimed at achieving efficient and safe energy conversion and management. Through proper operation and maintenance, inverters can play an important role in energy storage systems, ensuring stable operation and improving system performance and reliability.